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command filters

dennis
in Apple Questions

Featured Replies

One kind of program frequently used in pipelines is called filters. Filters take standard input and perform an operation upon it and send the results to standard output. In this way, they can be combined to process information in powerful ways. Here are some of the common programs that can act as filters:

Program What it does
awk An entire programming language designed for constructing filters. Extremely powerful.
fmt Reads text from standard input, then outputs formatted text on standard output.
grep Examines each line of data it receives from standard input and outputs every line that contains a specified pattern of characters.
head Outputs the first few lines of its input. Useful for getting the header of a file.
pr Takes text input from standard input and splits the data into pages with page breaks, headers and footers in preparation for printing.
sed Stream editor. Can perform more sophisticated text translations than tr.
sort Sorts standard input then outputs the sorted result on standard output.
tail Outputs the last few lines of its input. Useful for things like getting the most recent entries from a log file.
tr Translates characters. Can be used to perform tasks such as upper/lowercase conversions or changing line termination characters from one type to another (for example, converting DOS text files into Unix style text files).
uniq Given a sorted stream of data from standard input, it removes duplicate lines of data (i.e., it makes sure that every line is unique).

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